作者:Assy N, Nassar F, Nasser G, Grosovski M
Liver Unit, Ziv Medical Centre, Safed, Israel. assy.n@ziv.health.gov.il
非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的臨床影響源自它的潛伏,從而進展到纖維化和肝硬化,。不適當的飲食脂肪攝取,攝入過多的汽水,胰島素抗性和增加的氧化壓力,導致輸送到肝臟的游離脂肪酸增加,同時增加肝臟中三酸甘油酯(TG)的積存。飲食中含有豐富的橄欖油能減少積累在肝臟的三酸甘油酯,改善餐後三酸甘油酯,葡萄糖及LGP-1〈glucagon-like peptide-1,由腸道分泌具刺激胰臟β細胞分泌胰島素功能之荷爾蒙〉回應胰島素抗性,調高葡萄糖轉運子GLUT2〈glucose transporter-2,胰島內分泌細胞基因,,在胰臟β細胞它可調節葡萄糖的進入,一般認為它也是β細胞的葡萄糖感受器,GLUT2 失調會造成血糖調控混亂,因此可能與第二型糖尿病有關) 在肝臟的作用。主要機制包括:減少NF-KB細胞核κ因子〈nuclear factor-kappaB,為一種轉錄因子,亦為細胞壓力反應之訊息系統。在某些癌症中發現nf-κb呈現活化的狀態; 活化態的nf-κb提供腫瘤生成有利條件〉的活化,降低低密度脂蛋白的氧化,改善胰島素抗性降低發生炎性細胞因子(腫瘤壞死因子α〈Tumor necrosis factor α,是一種由巨噬細胞等細胞族群所釋出的細胞素。和細胞白介素第六因子(Interleukin-6以下稱IL-6)對人體內的免疫反應有很重要的調控功能,IL-6可以刺激B淋巴球進行分化及產生抗體,並促進細胞毒殺T淋巴球的活化與生長;IL-6也是一種原發炎物質,會導致許多單核球及巨噬細胞進入患處引起發炎反應。IL-6也是一種生長因子,由於其受器連接的下游訊息傳遞與其他的神經生長因子相同,故本篇作者想進一步去探討IL-6是否會影響神經細胞對抗病毒感染而產生不同的反應。)和改善胰島素受體基質1 (substrate-1〉藉由Jun N末端激酶(jun N-terminal kinase,JNK,MAPK的一類,是細胞中常見的訊息傳遞路徑,會受到外界刺激活化並調節生理反應)中介的磷酸化。
地中海飲食所產生有利的影響是來自單不飽和脂肪酸,主要來自橄欖油。在這次審查中,我們描述了單元不飽和脂肪酸的食物來源,橄欖油的成分,膳食脂肪與胰島素抗性、餐後血脂,以及對酒精性脂肪肝中的血糖反應的關係,臨床和實驗研究,評估橄欖油和脂肪肝,以及橄欖油可改善脂肪肝機制等等之間的關係,並討論未來的前景。
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文章來源:美國國家醫學圖書館,國家衛生研究院
上述原文請詳下方或連結http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370776
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 April 21; 15(15): 1809–1815. Published online 2009 April 21. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.1809. |
PMCID: PMC2670406 |
The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. An olive oil-rich diet decreases accumulation of TGs in the liver, improves postprandial TGs, glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulates glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver. The principal mechanisms include: decreased nuclear factor-kappaB activation, decreased low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and improved insulin resistance by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6) and improvement of jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1.
The beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet is derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly from olive oil. In this review, we describe the dietary sources of the monounsaturated fatty acids, the composition of olive oil, dietary fats and their relationship to insulin resistance and postprandial lipid and glucose responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, clinical and experimental studies that assess the relationship between olive oil and NAFLD, and the mechanism by which olive oil ameliorates fatty liver, and we discuss future perspectives.